This guide is for anyone buying a first short-term rental in the United States: a house or condo you plan to rent by the night on Airbnb and similar sites. You'll check whether an address can legally host guests, build a set of comparable rentals, run the deal through two calculators, compare loans, and line up insurance, taxes and the launch, in the order that stops a bad deal before it costs you money.
It's current to October 2026, and every rule and number links to the source we read. The calculators open with made-up example inputs that you replace with your own. They show the math, not a forecast, and nothing here promises a return. Confirm loans, insurance, taxes and local law with your lender, a licensed insurance agent, your accountant and a local real estate attorney.
- Check the rules for the exact address before anything else. In New Orleans, an STR Owner permit can't be transferred, so a buyer applies for their own, and a listing marked permitted describes the seller's permit.
- Read the HOA or condo documents before you offer. Florida lets an association amend its rules to ban rentals shorter than 6 months, and that amendment applies to every owner, including new ones.
- Judge a deal on cash flow, not on a lender's ratio. In this guide's example, a house with a 2.05 lender-style DSCR keeps $222 a month and loses money in a softer year.
- Pick the loan that matches your use. Second-home loans can't count rental income, Fannie Mae counts 50% of gross short-term rent minus the full payment, and DSCR lenders divide counted rent by that payment.
- Quote insurance during due diligence. Homeowners policies usually exclude or limit business use, AirCover isn't a substitute for your own policy, and a new flood policy typically takes 30 days to start.
- Ask your accountant about two rules before you buy: personal use above the greater of 14 days or 10% of rented days limits deductions, and average stays of 7 days or less change how losses are treated.
The Six Steps in Order
A failed purchase gets expensive when the checks run out of order, like paying for an inspection on a house that can't get a permit. Run the cheap checks that can end the deal first, and spend on inspections and appraisals only once those pass.
| Step | What you check | What ends the deal | Who you ask |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Rules and permits | Zoning, permit type, caps, whether a permit transfers, HOA or condo rental limits | No permit for you at this address, or a minimum stay longer than your plan | City or county permit office, association manager |
| 2. Market | Why guests come, when, and what they book; three or more comparables | Comparables don't support the revenue you need | Two data tools plus your own comp set |
| 3. Numbers | Cash flow, cash-on-cash return, break-even occupancy, a softer year | A small slowdown makes it lose money | You, then your accountant |
| 4. Financing | Loan type and how each lender counts short-term rental income | No lender counts the income you need | Two or three lenders |
| 5. Inspect and insure | Condition, rental safety items, coverage, flood zone, offer terms | Repairs or premiums the numbers can't carry | Inspector, licensed agent, attorney |
| 6. Furnish and launch | Permits and tax accounts in your name, setup budget, listing | A setup cost you didn't budget | Permit office, accountant |
Steps 1 to 5 all happen before your offer's contingencies expire, so line up the people you'll need before you make an offer: a contact at the permit office, two or three lenders, a licensed insurance agent, an inspector and a local real estate attorney.
Check Local Rules and Permits First
The rules that decide whether your purchase works are set close to the property: by the city or county, sometimes the state, and any association that governs the lot or building. Start with the exact address and parcel. Whether it sits inside city limits or in unincorporated county decides whose rules apply. Then look up the zoning district, permit types, caps or closed waitlists, whether a permit survives a sale, limits on stays and occupancy, lodging taxes and fines.
Three Examples of Rules That Change a Purchase
New Orleans. The city's short-term rental permit page says an STR Owner permit cannot be transferred from one person to another, and that when a property sells, the new owner must apply for and receive their own permit. It also says the city stopped accepting new Commercial Short Term Rental applications on June 8, 2023, and that owners must carry a $1,000,000 commercial general liability policy. The page lets you search permits by address, so look the address up before you offer. A listing marked permitted describes the seller's permit, not yours.
New York City. The city's Office of Special Enforcement tells hosts to host only in the unit where they live, to have no more than 2 guests (not counting children under 4), to stay in the unit during the guests' stay, and not to rent out an entire unit. A second apartment bought to rent whole for short stays doesn't fit those rules.
Florida. The state licenses each public lodging establishment (s. 509.241), and its vacation rental category covers condo units and one- to four-family houses rented to guests more than three times a year for less than 30 consecutive days, or advertised that way (s. 509.242 and s. 509.013). Cities and counties add their own rules on top, so check all three layers.
Use Permit Data to See Where Rentals Are Licensed
The short-term rental permit data hub on this site compiles official state, city and county registries, with pages by state. Two limits apply: a license is not a listing, since one license can cover several units and licensed homes aren't always rented, and places that publish nothing are missing. Use it to see whether licensed rentals already operate in the town you're considering, then confirm the address with the issuing office.
In Florida, start with the state vacation rental license data, then check the city and county rules for your address.
Send this email to the planning or permitting office before you make an offer:
Email to the city or county permit office
Subject: Short-term rental rules for [Property address] Hello, I'm considering buying [Property address], parcel [Parcel number], and would like to rent the whole home to guests for stays of less than 30 nights. Could you confirm in writing: 1. The zoning district, and whether whole-home short-term rentals are allowed there. 2. Which permit or license I would need, the current fees, and whether there is a cap, waitlist or lottery. 3. Whether any existing permit at this address would transfer to me, or whether I would apply as a new owner, and how long approval usually takes. 4. Any owner-occupancy, minimum-stay, night-cap, occupancy or parking limits. 5. Which lodging or occupancy taxes I would register for, and with which office. 6. Whether an inspection is required before the permit is issued, and what it checks. Thank you, [Your name] [Your phone number]
Save the reply with its date. Rules change, and a written answer is stronger than notes from a phone call. Lenders care too: Fannie Mae's short-term rental income rule requires the property to be legally permitted, including local registration and licensing.
For permit types, fees and the order to apply in, see the permits and licensing guide for new hosts.
Read the HOA and Condo Documents
A city permit doesn't override an association's governing documents. If the house is in a homeowners' association or the unit is in a condominium, get the documents before you make an offer, or make your offer depend on reviewing them. Read them for minimum lease terms, caps on rentals per year or on rented units, waiting periods after purchase, guest registration, parking rules and fines.
Why the Seller's Rental Rights May Not Pass to You
Florida shows how this works. Under the condominium statute, s. 718.110(13), an amendment that prohibits renting, changes the rental term or limits how often owners can rent applies only to owners who consent to it and to owners who acquire title after it takes effect. That protection belongs to the current owner. When you buy, you take title after the amendment, so a restriction the seller was exempt from can apply to you.
For homeowners' associations, s. 720.306(1)(h) says rental rules enacted after July 1, 2021 generally apply only to later buyers and to owners who consent. But an association may amend its documents to prohibit or regulate rentals for a term of less than 6 months, and may prohibit renting a parcel more than three times in a calendar year, and those amendments apply to all parcel owners. Associations of 15 or fewer parcel owners follow separate amendment rules. In practice, short-stay rights in a Florida HOA can be voted away after you buy, which is why two years of minutes matter.
Other states treat association amendments differently. Ask a local real estate attorney to read the documents with your rental plan in hand.
Ask the listing agent for the association documents and the seller's records in one message:
Document request to the listing agent
Hi [Listing agent name], Before we finalize an offer on [Property address], could the seller provide: - The HOA or condo declaration (CC&Rs), bylaws, rules and any rental policy - Board and annual meeting minutes for the last two years, and any notice of a proposed amendment - The current budget, reserve study and any special assessments, current or planned - The association's rental registration form and fees - Copies of any short-term rental permits, licenses and lodging tax registrations for the property - Twelve months of utility bills - Maintenance and repair records, and an inventory if the furniture conveys - A list of future reservations and how the seller plans to handle them Thank you, [Your name]
Pick the Market and Build Your Comparables
Choose the market after the rules, because a town where you can't get a permit isn't a market for you. Then answer three questions for each town on your list: why guests come (a beach, a ski hill, a hospital, a university, a stadium), when they come, and what kind of home they book. A lake town that fills every summer weekend and goes quiet all winter needs a different budget from a city that books steadily all year.
If you're still choosing a region, the guide to the best luxury short-term rental markets in the U.S. compares high-end markets.
Where Revenue Estimates Come From
Every revenue number in your calculator comes from somewhere. Know how each source gets its data, use two or three, and plan on the lower figure.
| Source | Where the data comes from | Limits to keep in mind |
|---|---|---|
| AirDNA | Scrapes public pages on Airbnb, Vrbo and Booking.com every day, checked against reservation data from managers and hosts of more than 100,000 properties | Occupancy is reserved days divided by active listing nights, with a model reading 16 booking signals to separate bookings from blocked nights, so it's an estimate |
| Key Data | Says its reservation data comes directly from operators through property management systems, combined with Airbnb and Vrbo listing supply and hotel benchmarks | It reflects the operators who share data with it. Ask which properties are in your area's set. |
| Inside Airbnb | Public information from the Airbnb website, including the availability calendar 365 days ahead | Its model assumes a 50% review rate and 3 nights per booking where no city figure exists, and caps occupancy at 70%. Good for context, rough for one house. |
| Permit registries | Official state, city and county registries, compiled on the permit data hub | Counts licenses, not listings or revenue. Places that publish nothing are missing. |
| Your own comparables | Listings near the property with the same bedrooms, guest count and features | Calendars don't show which nights were booked and which were blocked. Read reviews and rates over several months. |
Build a Comp Set a Lender Would Accept
Borrow the standard lenders use, because your lender will test your numbers against something like it. Fannie Mae's short-term rental rule says validated data must cover three comparable short-term rentals from the same market area (including the subdivision or project when possible), with their daily, weekly or monthly rates and the number of days each was rented in the last calendar year.
DSCR lenders publish similar tests. Griffin Funding's guide, updated September 29, 2026, lists AirDNA requirements of a 12-month forecast dated within 90 days of closing, a market score of 60 or higher, three to four comparables and a minimum occupancy rate. It says an appraiser's analysis must use comparable short-term rentals matched on room count, and that when the lender has both an appraiser's analysis and a market-data forecast, it generally uses the lower of the two.
Build your own set to the same bar:
- Match bedrooms and guest capacity first, then the features guests pay for, such as a pool, hot tub, view or walkable location.
- Stay close: the same subdivision or building first, then the nearest streets.
- Record each comparable's rates and booked nights month by month for the last 12 months.
- Use reviews per month as a rough check on how often each one books.
- Drop outliers you can't explain, such as a brand-new listing with no reviews.
For a step-by-step way to pull and compare listings, use the Airbnb competitor analysis guide.
Run the Numbers With the Deal Calculator
Now put your comp set and quotes into the calculator. Each input opens with an example value. Replace it with the lower of your revenue estimates for the nightly rate and occupancy, your lender's written quote for the rate, and the seller's tax bill plus your insurance quote and any HOA dues for the fixed costs. Operating costs cover platform fees, utilities, internet, supplies, repairs, software, licenses, replacements and any manager, as a share of booking revenue: build them from line items, then divide by your revenue. Startup cash is closing costs plus furniture and setup.
Deal calculator for a short-term rental purchase
Replace each example input with figures for the home you're considering. Nothing leaves your device.
Example inputs only, not market data. Your lender may count less revenue than the DSCR tile does, so check it with the DSCR calculator in the financing section.
How Each Number Is Worked Out
- Loan payment: the standard monthly payment on the loan (price minus down payment) at your rate and term.
- Booked nights = 365 × occupancy. Stays = booked nights ÷ average stay.
- Gross booking revenue = booked nights × nightly rate + stays × cleaning fee.
- Net operating income = gross revenue − operating costs − cleaning paid − property tax, insurance and HOA. The loan payment isn't an operating cost.
- Cash flow = net operating income − 12 loan payments, shown per month.
- Cash-on-cash return = a year's cash flow ÷ (down payment + startup cash).
- DSCR = monthly gross revenue ÷ (loan payment + monthly tax, insurance and HOA), before any expense factor a lender applies.
To find your break-even, drag the occupancy slider until the cash flow tile reaches $0. If that number is above what your lower revenue source shows for the area, the deal depends on beating the market.
Example Deal Worked by Hand
Example: the calculator opens on a made-up three-bedroom house priced at $425,000, with 25% down ($106,250) and a $318,750 loan at an example rate of 7.75% for 30 years. The loan payment is $2,283.56 a month, or $27,402.77 a year.
At 55% occupancy the house books 200.75 nights, and at 3.5 nights a stay that's 57.4 stays. Revenue is $62,232.50 in nightly rent plus $10,611.07 in cleaning fees, or $72,843.57. Subtract operating costs at 35% ($25,495.25), cleaning paid out ($9,177.14) and tax, insurance and HOA ($8,100), and net operating income is $30,071.18.
Take away the loan payments and $2,668.41 is left for the year, or $222.37 a month. On $146,250 of cash in ($106,250 down plus $40,000 for closing and setup), that's a 1.8% cash-on-cash return. The DSCR tile divides $6,070.30 of monthly gross revenue by a $2,958.56 full payment ($2,283.56 plus $675 a month for tax, insurance and HOA) and shows 2.05.
Three Scenarios Side by Side
The same example in a softer year (45% occupancy at $280 a night) and with a manager (an example quote of 20% of booking revenue, added to operating costs). All inputs are made up, and figures are rounded to the dollar.
| Line (example figures) | Base case | Softer year | Base case with a manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occupancy and nightly rate | 55%, $310 | 45%, $280 | 55%, $310 |
| Booked nights (stays) | 201 (57) | 164 (47) | 201 (57) |
| Gross booking revenue | $72,844 | $54,672 | $72,844 |
| Operating costs | −$25,495 (35%) | −$19,135 (35%) | −$40,064 (55%) |
| Cleaning paid | −$9,177 | −$7,509 | −$9,177 |
| Tax, insurance and HOA | −$8,100 | −$8,100 | −$8,100 |
| Net operating income | $30,071 | $19,928 | $15,502 |
| Loan payments a year | −$27,403 | −$27,403 | −$27,403 |
| Cash flow a month | $222 | −$623 | −$992 |
| Cash-on-cash return | 1.8% | −5.1% | −8.1% |
| Lender-style DSCR | 2.05 | 1.54 | 2.05 |
| Break-even occupancy | 51% | 57% | 83% |
What the Example Shows
- The lender's ratio barely moves while your cash flow swings. DSCR stays at 2.05 with a manager, because a gross-revenue ratio ignores operating costs, yet cash flow falls from $222 to −$992 a month.
- Break-even occupancy is the number to watch. It's 51% in the base case. The softer year needs 57% and gets 45%.
- A manager changes the whole result. With the example 20% fee, break-even climbs to 83%. Get real quotes and ask what the fee is calculated on.
- A stricter ratio tells a different story. Net operating income covers a year of loan payments 1.10 times in the base case, much closer to the line than 2.05.
The calculator leaves out principal paydown, appreciation, depreciation and income tax, which belong with your accountant, and a cash reserve. Decide how many months of payments and costs you'll keep in the bank, and ask each lender what reserves it requires.
Finance It With the Right Loan
Most first-time buyers compare three routes: a second-home loan, a conventional investment-property loan, or a DSCR loan that qualifies on the property's income. How you'll use the house decides which ones are open to you, so start there.
What the numbers say
Freddie Mac survey, October 8, 2026, for owner-occupied purchase loans with 20% down.
What Fannie Mae counts on a purchase, before subtracting the full payment.
One lender's threshold. It says there is no universal minimum.
Sources: Freddie Mac PMMS, Oct 2026; Fannie Mae Selling Guide B3-3.8-03, Oct 2026; Griffin Funding, Sep 2026
| Question | Second-home loan | Conventional investment loan | DSCR loan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who it fits | You use the home part of the year and keep control of it | A rental you won't live in, qualified on your income | A rental qualified mainly on the property's income |
| Rental income in qualifying | Can't be used to qualify | 50% of gross short-term rent minus the full payment; a positive result only offsets the payment | Counted rent ÷ full payment; some programs count 80% of revenue |
| Key conditions | Part-year occupancy, one unit, year-round use, no management firm controlling occupancy | One unit, legally permitted, no ADU income, a documented current housing payment | Legally eligible for short-term rental use; the lender's minimum ratio |
| Rent evidence on a purchase | Not used | Form 1007 or validated data on three comparables | Appraiser's short-term rental analysis, AirDNA data or both |
| Your own income | Debt-to-income ratio applies | Debt-to-income ratio applies | Not required at some lenders |
| Watch for | Renting most of the year breaks the rules | Lenders can add stricter rules of their own | Prepayment penalties, reserves and points |
Second-Home Loans
Fannie Mae's occupancy rules say a second home must be occupied by the borrower for some portion of the year, be a one-unit home suitable for year-round use, stay under the borrower's exclusive control, and not be rental property, a timeshare or subject to an agreement that gives a management firm control over occupancy. If the lender finds rental income, the loan can still be a second-home loan only if that income isn't used to qualify and every other requirement is met.
If you plan to rent the house most of the year with a manager running the calendar, those conditions are hard to meet, so describe your plans accurately and let the lender pick the program.
Conventional Investment Loans and Fannie Mae's Rule
Fannie Mae defines an investment property as one you own but don't occupy. Its short-term rental income rule, dated September 2, 2026 and announced in SEL-2026-08, lets lenders use short-term rent on a purchase, with conditions. It covers one-unit investment properties only. The property must be legally permitted as a short-term rental, including local registration and licensing. Income can't come from an accessory dwelling unit, and the lender must document your current housing payment before it uses any rental income from the property.
On a purchase, rent comes from a standard rent schedule (Form 1007), which Fannie Mae bases on long-term rentals, or from validated short-term rental data supplied by an MLS or property managers. With validated data, the lender averages the comparables' rates and multiplies by the average days they were rented. It then takes 50% of the gross monthly rent, which Fannie Mae says accounts for vacancy and maintenance, and subtracts the full payment: principal, interest, taxes, insurance and association dues. A positive result can only offset the payment. A negative result counts in your debt-to-income ratio.
Example: if the data puts gross rent at $6,000 a month, half is $3,000. Subtract a $2,958.56 payment and $41.44 is left, which offsets the payment but adds nothing to your qualifying income. At $5,500 a month, the result is −$208.56, which the lender adds to your monthly debts. Lenders can set stricter rules of their own, so ask each one how it applies this guidance.
DSCR Loans
A DSCR (debt-service coverage ratio) loan qualifies mainly on the property's income rather than your salary. The DSCR calculator from mortgage lender Lower sets the ratio up as expected monthly rent divided by PITIA, which it defines as principal and interest, property taxes, insurance and association dues. A ratio of 1.00 means the rent exactly covers that payment.
Short-term rentals add their own rules. Griffin Funding's guide says that for a purchase with no rental history, the lender may use an appraiser's short-term rental analysis, AirDNA or other accepted market data, or both, and generally uses the lower figure when it has both. Some programs apply a 20% expense factor, so 80% of revenue counts; others qualify on gross revenue. The guide lists no universal minimum ratio, says 1.25 or higher can get stronger pricing, and notes options between 0.75 and 1.00 and no-ratio programs.
The same guide lists a 620 minimum credit score and says many short-term rental programs cap a purchase loan at 75% of the price, with up to 85% for experienced investors with scores of 740 or more. It lists reserves of 6 to 18 months of payments at some lenders and none at others, describes prepayment penalties that commonly step down 5-4-3-2-1, and says eligible programs allow closing in a U.S. LLC with a personal guaranty. Ask what you'd owe if you sold or refinanced in each of the first five years.
Lender Deephaven Mortgage shows how history counts once you have it. Its short-term rental loans are for non-owner-occupied homes only, it accepts 12 months of receipts from a home-sharing service or property manager, it may use actual rent collected instead of the appraiser's estimate, and it counts income net of management or vendor fees. It doesn't require personal income or employment information, and it allows vesting in an LLC.
The highest price a DSCR lender's ratio supports
Works backward from the revenue a lender counts to the largest loan and price that meet its minimum ratio. Nothing leaves your device.
Example inputs only. Lenders differ on the revenue source, the expense factor and the minimum ratio, so ask each one.
Example: with $72,800 of estimated revenue, an 80% share and a 1.25 minimum, the lender counts $4,853.33 a month and the full payment can reach $3,882.67. After $675 a month of tax, insurance and HOA, the loan can reach $447,740 at 7.75% for 30 years, which supports a price near $596,987 with 25% down. That's far above the $425,000 where the deal calculator showed $222 a month of cash flow, so treat a lender's ceiling as a limit, never as a target.
Mortgage Rates as a Reference Point
Freddie Mac's Primary Mortgage Market Survey put the 30-year fixed average at 7.40% on October 8, 2026, up from 7.28% a week earlier and 6.30% a year earlier. The survey reflects conventional purchase loans on owner-occupied one-unit homes with 20% down and good to excellent credit, so it isn't a quote for an investment or DSCR loan. Put the rate from your own written quote into the calculator.
Send the same questions to two or three lenders, including at least one DSCR lender, so the quotes compare like for like:
Questions for each lender
Hi [Loan officer name], I'm buying [Property address] for [Purchase price] and plan to rent it to guests for stays of less than 30 nights. I expect to use it myself for [Number of nights a year, or none]. Could you send the following in writing: 1. Which loan program you would use for this property, and why. 2. How you count short-term rental income: an appraiser's rent schedule or short-term rental analysis, an AirDNA forecast, 12 months of platform history, or another source. Do you apply an expense factor? 3. If this is a DSCR loan, how you calculate the ratio and the minimum you need for this property. 4. The minimum down payment and credit score for this program. 5. The rate, points and all lender fees, on a written quote or Loan Estimate. 6. The reserves you require, in months of payments. 7. Any prepayment penalty, and its schedule. 8. Whether I can close in an LLC, and whether a personal guaranty is required. 9. Whether the property needs a short-term rental permit in place before closing for you to count the rental income. Thank you, [Your name]
To find lenders that work with short-term rentals, start with the STR lenders and DSCR financing directory.
Inspect, Insure and Write the Offer
Your offer is where you protect yourself if a check fails. Ask your agent and attorney which contingencies are customary in your state and how long each window runs, then make sure the ones you need are in the contract.
Offer Terms That Leave You an Exit
- Inspection. Long enough to add the rental items listed below.
- Financing and appraisal. Keep these until you have approval on the program you planned for, with the rental income counted the way you expected.
- Association document review. Long enough to read the declaration, rules and two years of minutes properly.
- Permit eligibility. Where a permit is tied to the owner, as in New Orleans, you may not be able to hold it before closing. Ask the city what it can confirm in writing beforehand, and ask your attorney whether the contract can depend on that confirmation.
Treat the seller's booking history as the seller's result, earned under the seller's permit, pricing and reviews. Before you count any future reservations, find out how the seller will handle them.
Inspection Items for a Rental
A standard inspection looks at the house as a home. Add the items a guest stay depends on, plus anything your city's permit inspection checks:
- Smoke and carbon monoxide alarms where your city requires them, and fire extinguishers.
- Bedroom egress windows, stairs, railings and decks, checked for a full house of guests.
- Pool and hot tub barriers, covers and alarms.
- The age and condition of the roof, water heater and heating and cooling systems.
- Septic or sewer capacity, if the permit ties occupancy to bedrooms or septic size.
- Parking spaces, if the permit sets a minimum, and internet service at the address.
Insurance Before Closing
Get an insurance quote during your due-diligence window, not after closing. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) warns that homeowners policies usually exclude or limit coverage for running a business in the home, that an injured paying guest might be excluded, and that insurers may deny coverage even when a policy has no specific home-sharing exclusion. It lists options such as a landlord policy or on-demand coverage, and suggests asking your state department of insurance which companies offer home-sharing coverage.
Platform protection is a separate layer. Airbnb's AirCover for Hosts page lists $3M in host damage protection and $1M in host liability insurance, and says it's not a substitute for personal insurance. Some cities set their own minimum: New Orleans requires a $1,000,000 commercial general liability policy for permitted rentals.
Flood needs its own check. FEMA's flood insurance page says most homeowners insurance doesn't cover flood damage, and that a new National Flood Insurance Program policy typically has a 30-day waiting period before it takes effect, with exceptions such as coverage a government-backed lender requires.
FEMA's reauthorization page, updated September 28, 2026, says the program is authorized until December 11, 2026, and that during a lapse FEMA would stop selling and renewing policies while still paying valid claims.
If you're closing near December 11, 2026 on a property that needs flood cover, start the flood quote early and ask the agent what happens to your application if the program lapses before closing.
Send the agent these questions so each quote covers the same things:
Questions for your insurance agent
Hi [Agent name], I'm under contract on [Property address] and plan to rent it to guests for stays of less than 30 nights, booked through [Platforms you plan to use]. My closing date is [Closing date]. Could you quote coverage and confirm: 1. Does the policy name short-term rental use, and does liability cover injured paying guests? 2. Are lost rental income and the contents I supply for guests covered? 3. Does coverage change if a manager or co-host runs the property? 4. What is the flood zone, and what are the flood and wind deductibles? 5. Can you issue the certificates the city, the association and the lender will ask for, including any required liability minimum? 6. When can the policy be bound, and is there a waiting period on any part of it? Thank you, [Your name]
To compare carriers that write short-term rental cover, see the STR insurance directory. This site isn't an insurance broker.
Taxes to Settle With Your Accountant Before You Buy
Raise these questions before you buy, because the answers can change which property and which ownership structure make sense.
Lodging and Occupancy Taxes
Airbnb's tax help page says that in certain areas it calculates occupancy taxes and collects them from guests at booking, and that hosts are responsible for assessing all other tax obligations, including state and city taxes. Ask the city which registrations you'll need, and check what each platform collects for your address.
Personal-Use Days
The IRS (Topic 415) treats a unit as a residence if your personal-use days exceed the greater of 14 days or 10% of the days it's rented at a fair rental price. Expenses are then split between rental and personal use, and deductions are limited. If you use a home as a residence and rent it for fewer than 15 days, you don't report the rental income or deduct rental expenses.
Short Stays and the Hours You Put In
IRS Publication 925 says an activity isn't a rental activity under the passive activity rules if the average period of customer use is 7 days or less. For many short-term rentals, that moves the question to material participation. Two of the seven tests in the publication: you participated for more than 500 hours in the year, or for more than 100 hours and at least as much as any other individual, including people who don't own any part of it.
That second test is where hiring help matters. If a manager or cleaner puts in more hours than you do, you may not meet it, so decide how the home will be run together with your accountant before you sign.
First-Year Depreciation
The IRS says the 2025 law it calls the One, Big, Beautiful Bill made a 100% first-year (bonus) depreciation deduction permanent for eligible property acquired after January 19, 2025, with an election to deduct 40% instead for property placed in service in the first tax year ending after that date (IR-2026-06). Which parts of a purchase count as eligible property, and whether a cost segregation study is worth its fee, are questions for your accountant.
Send your accountant these questions with the listing. If you don't have one who works with short-term rentals, start with the directory of CPAs for short-term rental owners.
Questions for your accountant
Hi [Accountant name], I'm planning to buy [Property address] as a short-term rental, with average stays of about [Number] nights. I expect to [run it myself / hire a manager]. Before I sign, could we go over: 1. Which lodging and occupancy taxes I need to register for, and what the platforms collect for me. 2. How my personal-use days would affect deductions under the 14-day / 10% rule. 3. Whether the 7-day average-stay rule in Publication 925 applies, and which material participation test I could meet. 4. How to treat first-year depreciation on the purchase, furniture and improvements, and whether a cost segregation study makes sense. 5. Whether to own it personally or in an LLC, and what that changes for taxes. 6. Which records to keep from closing onward. Thank you, [Your name]
For the taxes you'll deal with once the home is running, read the tax guide for Airbnb hosts.
Furnish and Launch the Rental
After closing, the order matters again: permits and tax accounts in your name first, then setup, then the listing. In places like New Orleans, where the new owner must apply for and receive their own permit, a furnished and listed home still can't host until that permit is issued.
- Before closingInsurance bound, including flood if you need it; permit application and lodging tax registrations ready to file in your name; utilities and internet scheduled to transfer.
- Closing weekFile the permit application and tax registrations, and keep every closing document for your accountant.
- Weeks 1 to 4Furnish and set up: beds and linens, kitchen, safety items, a smart lock, and any repairs from the inspection.
- Before the first guestPermit issued where your city requires one, listing written and photographed, prices set from your own calculator, house rules published.
- First 90 daysCompare bookings, reviews and costs with your calculator every month, and adjust prices from your own results rather than the seller's history.
Budget the Setup
The startup cash input in the deal calculator covers closing costs, furniture and setup. Price it room by room before you offer, not after you close: beds and mattresses, linens and towels for each turnover, kitchen equipment, outdoor furniture, a smart lock, safety items, photography and a small budget for spare parts. The guide to how much it costs to start an Airbnb breaks the categories down.
Run It Yourself or Hire Help
Fits if you live close enough to handle problems, or can build a local team of cleaners and repair people.
- You keep the fee a manager would charge.
- You answer guests and handle problems at any hour.
- Your hours count toward the material participation tests in Publication 925.
Fits if you live far away or can't take calls at any hour.
- Get at least two written quotes.
- Ask what the fee is calculated on: gross booking revenue, or revenue after platform fees and cleaning.
- Add the fee to operating costs in the deal calculator before you offer.
- Their hours are compared with yours under the 100-hour test.
Fees, Pricing and the Listing
Platform fees belong in your operating cost share. Airbnb's service fee page says most hosts on its single fee pay 15.5%, taken from the payout, and that the single fee is mandatory for most hosts, including those using property management software. Hosts still on the split fee mostly pay 3% while guests pay 14.1% to 16.5% of the booking subtotal, and Airbnb says the split fee is being phased out.
Check your own fee with the Airbnb fee calculator, then set launch prices from your deal calculator, not from the seller's history.
For the launch itself, from the first photos to the first reviews, follow the first 90 days playbook for new hosts.
Direct Bookings Within Airbnb's Rules
Many owners later want guests who find the home through search, social media or a Google listing to book on the home's own website. Keep that work aimed at new audiences. Airbnb's Off-Platform and Fee Transparency Policy bans asking or encouraging guests to book current, future or repeat stays off Airbnb, offering discounts to book off Airbnb, and using guest contact information for marketing, and violations can get listings deactivated. Payments for Airbnb stays stay on Airbnb.
Direct-booking marketing is for people who find your own website, brand, social accounts or Google listing, and for guests who booked with you directly. The direct booking strategy guide covers how to build that channel within the rules.
What to Do This Week
Pick the one address you're most serious about and do these five things this week. Most of them cost nothing but time, and each one can end a bad deal early.
- Send the permit email to the city or county, and look the address up in its permit search if it has one.
- Ask the listing agent for the association documents and the seller's records.
- Build a comp set of three or more true comparables, then run the deal calculator at your lower revenue estimate and again at 10 points less occupancy.
- Send the lender questions to two or three lenders, including one DSCR lender, and run the DSCR calculator on the revenue each one will count.
- Request an insurance quote that includes flood, and send your accountant the tax questions.
Then work through the checklist below for each property you're serious about.
Due-diligence checklist for a short-term rental purchase
Tick items off as you finish them. Your progress stays on this device.
- Rules and permits
- Association
- Market and numbers
- Financing
- Inspection and insurance
- Taxes and launch
If every box is ticked and the softer year still works, you have a deal worth negotiating. If not, the checklist shows where it failed, and that's far cheaper to learn now than after closing.
Once the home is ready to list, the listing itself shapes the numbers you just ran. Cavmir™ is a marketing agency for vacation rentals, and its listing optimization service rewrites listing text, improves photos and sets pricing for owners who want help with that step.
Sources
Every figure in this guide comes from these sources, checked in October 2026.
- City of New Orleans, "Commercial Owner's Permit (CSTR)", last updated June 2025: nola.gov
- NYC Office of Special Enforcement, "Dos and Don'ts for Hosts", checked October 2026: nyc.gov
- Florida Legislature, "2026 Florida Statutes, s. 509.241": leg.state.fl.us
- Florida Legislature, "2026 Florida Statutes, s. 509.242": leg.state.fl.us
- Florida Legislature, "2026 Florida Statutes, s. 509.013": leg.state.fl.us
- Florida Legislature, "2026 Florida Statutes, s. 718.110": leg.state.fl.us
- Florida Legislature, "2026 Florida Statutes, s. 720.306", October 2026: leg.state.fl.us
- Fannie Mae, "Selling Guide B2-1.1-01, Occupancy Types", October 2026: selling-guide.fanniemae.com
- Fannie Mae, "Selling Guide B3-3.8-03, Rental Income from the Subject Property: Short-Term Rental", September 2026, guide published October 7, 2026: selling-guide.fanniemae.com
- Freddie Mac, "Primary Mortgage Market Survey", October 8, 2026: freddiemac.com
- Lower, "DSCR Loan Calculator", October 2026: lower.com
- Griffin Funding, "DSCR Loans for Airbnb & Short-Term Rentals: A Complete Guide", updated September 29, 2026: griffinfunding.com
- Deephaven Mortgage, "Learn About DSCR Loans for Short Term Rental Properties", October 2026: deephavenmortgage.com
- AirDNA, "Where is our data sourced from?", June 2026: help.airdna.co
- AirDNA, "How does AirDNA calculate occupancy rate?", August 2026: help.airdna.co
- Key Data, company site, data sourcing statement, October 2026: keydata.co
- Inside Airbnb, "Data Assumptions", October 2026: insideairbnb.com
- NAIC, "Renting Out Your Home? You Need Insurance Coverage for Home-Sharing Rentals", October 2026: content.naic.org
- Airbnb Help Center, "Getting protected through AirCover for Hosts", October 2026: airbnb.com
- FEMA, "Flood Insurance", updated January 2, 2026: fema.gov
- FEMA, "Congressional Reauthorization", updated September 28, 2026: fema.gov
- Airbnb Help Center, "Occupancy tax collection and remittance", October 2026: airbnb.com
- IRS, "Topic no. 415, Renting residential and vacation property", reviewed September 24, 2026: irs.gov
- IRS, "Publication 925 (2025), Passive Activity and At-Risk Rules", October 2026: irs.gov
- IRS, "Treasury, IRS issue guidance on the additional first year depreciation deduction amended as part of the One, Big, Beautiful Bill" (IR-2026-06), January 14, 2026: irs.gov
- Airbnb Help Center, "Airbnb service fees", October 2026: airbnb.com
- Airbnb Help Center, "Off-Platform and Fee Transparency Policy", October 2026: airbnb.com


